Are nagar panchayats under 74th amendment and district panchayat under 73rd amendment same ?
No, they are different@curious_kid. Nagar Panchayats are similar to Municipal Councils or Municipal Corporations, albeit for smaller towns, smaller than a district. They deal with urban governance issues related to that town, such as water, sanitation etc.
On the other hand, District Panchayat deals with rural self government, mainly planning and execution related aspects of Gram Panchayat and Janpad Panchayats.
Can someone explain second statement of 2nd question in sinple terms . The statement is correct.
Gross FPI Inflow is total FPI received.
But investor may also pull some of their money out.
So, Net FPI Inflow = Gross FPI Inflow - FPI Outflow.
What we are seeing is volatile investment in equities. Investors pouring huge money in equities, but for short term. So, volume of inflow (Gross FPI) is high. But they are also making exits, so Net FPI is down.
In FDI, volume is not as high as FPI (So Gross FPI high than Gross FDI), but the volatility is low i.e. investors are not making frequent exits. So, Net FDI is still high compared to Net FPI which is seeing high outflows.
Aerosols have a cooling effect or warming effect on atmosphere?Stratospheric aerosols have a cooling effect , because stratospheric clouds reflect a lot of sunlight back into the atmosphere.
Please confirm with others also.
Generally all aerosols have cooling effect, with the exception of Black Carbon/Soot which has a warming effect.
Anyone? I meant to ask are there any penal provisions or something like that in FRBM when states do no adhere to the targets because always we see FD more than 3% only.
Never read anything like that. I believe it is just to improve fiscal discipline .
And anyway who is going to penalize the union govt for exceeding their fiscal deficit????
So, even by this logic, I do not think there are any penal provisions.. Please correct me if I am wrong.
Logic is right. But like in covid times there was an amendment for the states to exceed their fiscal deficit to 5% and borrow more. Why do they have to do it? If states don't have enough money they would anyhow borrow from market. So why these targets and stuff.
Article 293. State's can't borrow without center's permission if they are under debt from center or center has provided guarantee to loans raised by them. Almost all states have raised loans in this way. So, central permission is a must
